Relation Results

Identifier	Residue	Sequence	Organism
SIGNOR-263664	Glu46	TRANSFLeEMKKGHL	in vitro
pmid	sentence
9538022	This report describes the expression, purification, and characterization of a series of recombinant factor Xa variants bearing aspartate substitutions for each of the glutamate residues which normally undergo gamma-carboxylation. \|We have produced fully active recombinant human factor Xa and demonstrated that gla residues 16, 26, and 29 are critical for normal activity of factor Xa.\|This observation suggests that, for wild-type r-fX expressed in HEK cells, carboxylation by the gamma-glutamyl carboxylase proceeds to completion once initiated; \| 11 amino terminal glutamic acid residues of fX which normally undergo gamma-carboxylation (glas 6, 7, 14, 16, 19, 20, 25, 26, 29, 32, 39).

Identifier	Residue	Sequence	Organism
SIGNOR-263665	Glu47	RANSFLEeMKKGHLE	in vitro
pmid	sentence
9538022	This report describes the expression, purification, and characterization of a series of recombinant factor Xa variants bearing aspartate substitutions for each of the glutamate residues which normally undergo gamma-carboxylation. \|We have produced fully active recombinant human factor Xa and demonstrated that gla residues 16, 26, and 29 are critical for normal activity of factor Xa.\|This observation suggests that, for wild-type r-fX expressed in HEK cells, carboxylation by the gamma-glutamyl carboxylase proceeds to completion once initiated; \| 11 amino terminal glutamic acid residues of fX which normally undergo gamma-carboxylation (glas 6, 7, 14, 16, 19, 20, 25, 26, 29, 32, 39).

Identifier	Residue	Sequence	Organism
SIGNOR-263666	Glu54	EMKKGHLeRECMEET	in vitro
pmid	sentence
9538022	This report describes the expression, purification, and characterization of a series of recombinant factor Xa variants bearing aspartate substitutions for each of the glutamate residues which normally undergo gamma-carboxylation. \|We have produced fully active recombinant human factor Xa and demonstrated that gla residues 16, 26, and 29 are critical for normal activity of factor Xa.\|This observation suggests that, for wild-type r-fX expressed in HEK cells, carboxylation by the gamma-glutamyl carboxylase proceeds to completion once initiated; \| 11 amino terminal glutamic acid residues of fX which normally undergo gamma-carboxylation (glas 6, 7, 14, 16, 19, 20, 25, 26, 29, 32, 39).

Identifier	Residue	Sequence	Organism
SIGNOR-263667	Glu56	KKGHLEReCMEETCS	in vitro
pmid	sentence
9538022	This report describes the expression, purification, and characterization of a series of recombinant factor Xa variants bearing aspartate substitutions for each of the glutamate residues which normally undergo gamma-carboxylation. \|We have produced fully active recombinant human factor Xa and demonstrated that gla residues 16, 26, and 29 are critical for normal activity of factor Xa.\|This observation suggests that, for wild-type r-fX expressed in HEK cells, carboxylation by the gamma-glutamyl carboxylase proceeds to completion once initiated; \| 11 amino terminal glutamic acid residues of fX which normally undergo gamma-carboxylation (glas 6, 7, 14, 16, 19, 20, 25, 26, 29, 32, 39).

Identifier	Residue	Sequence	Organism
SIGNOR-263668	Glu59	HLERECMeETCSYEE	in vitro
pmid	sentence
9538022	This report describes the expression, purification, and characterization of a series of recombinant factor Xa variants bearing aspartate substitutions for each of the glutamate residues which normally undergo gamma-carboxylation. \|We have produced fully active recombinant human factor Xa and demonstrated that gla residues 16, 26, and 29 are critical for normal activity of factor Xa.\|This observation suggests that, for wild-type r-fX expressed in HEK cells, carboxylation by the gamma-glutamyl carboxylase proceeds to completion once initiated; \| 11 amino terminal glutamic acid residues of fX which normally undergo gamma-carboxylation (glas 6, 7, 14, 16, 19, 20, 25, 26, 29, 32, 39).

Identifier	Residue	Sequence	Organism
SIGNOR-263669	Glu60	LERECMEeTCSYEEA	in vitro
pmid	sentence
9538022	This report describes the expression, purification, and characterization of a series of recombinant factor Xa variants bearing aspartate substitutions for each of the glutamate residues which normally undergo gamma-carboxylation. \|We have produced fully active recombinant human factor Xa and demonstrated that gla residues 16, 26, and 29 are critical for normal activity of factor Xa.\|This observation suggests that, for wild-type r-fX expressed in HEK cells, carboxylation by the gamma-glutamyl carboxylase proceeds to completion once initiated; \| 11 amino terminal glutamic acid residues of fX which normally undergo gamma-carboxylation (glas 6, 7, 14, 16, 19, 20, 25, 26, 29, 32, 39).

Identifier	Residue	Sequence	Organism
SIGNOR-263670	Glu65	MEETCSYeEAREVFE	in vitro
pmid	sentence
9538022	This report describes the expression, purification, and characterization of a series of recombinant factor Xa variants bearing aspartate substitutions for each of the glutamate residues which normally undergo gamma-carboxylation. \|We have produced fully active recombinant human factor Xa and demonstrated that gla residues 16, 26, and 29 are critical for normal activity of factor Xa.\|This observation suggests that, for wild-type r-fX expressed in HEK cells, carboxylation by the gamma-glutamyl carboxylase proceeds to completion once initiated; \| 11 amino terminal glutamic acid residues of fX which normally undergo gamma-carboxylation (glas 6, 7, 14, 16, 19, 20, 25, 26, 29, 32, 39).

Identifier	Residue	Sequence	Organism
SIGNOR-263671	Glu66	EETCSYEeAREVFED	in vitro
pmid	sentence
9538022	This report describes the expression, purification, and characterization of a series of recombinant factor Xa variants bearing aspartate substitutions for each of the glutamate residues which normally undergo gamma-carboxylation. \|We have produced fully active recombinant human factor Xa and demonstrated that gla residues 16, 26, and 29 are critical for normal activity of factor Xa.\|This observation suggests that, for wild-type r-fX expressed in HEK cells, carboxylation by the gamma-glutamyl carboxylase proceeds to completion once initiated; \| 11 amino terminal glutamic acid residues of fX which normally undergo gamma-carboxylation (glas 6, 7, 14, 16, 19, 20, 25, 26, 29, 32, 39).

Identifier	Residue	Sequence	Organism
SIGNOR-263672	Glu69	CSYEEAReVFEDSDK	in vitro
pmid	sentence
9538022	This report describes the expression, purification, and characterization of a series of recombinant factor Xa variants bearing aspartate substitutions for each of the glutamate residues which normally undergo gamma-carboxylation. \|We have produced fully active recombinant human factor Xa and demonstrated that gla residues 16, 26, and 29 are critical for normal activity of factor Xa.\|This observation suggests that, for wild-type r-fX expressed in HEK cells, carboxylation by the gamma-glutamyl carboxylase proceeds to completion once initiated; \| 11 amino terminal glutamic acid residues of fX which normally undergo gamma-carboxylation (glas 6, 7, 14, 16, 19, 20, 25, 26, 29, 32, 39).

Identifier	Residue	Sequence	Organism
SIGNOR-263673	Glu72	EEAREVFeDSDKTNE	in vitro
pmid	sentence
9538022	This report describes the expression, purification, and characterization of a series of recombinant factor Xa variants bearing aspartate substitutions for each of the glutamate residues which normally undergo gamma-carboxylation. \|We have produced fully active recombinant human factor Xa and demonstrated that gla residues 16, 26, and 29 are critical for normal activity of factor Xa.\|This observation suggests that, for wild-type r-fX expressed in HEK cells, carboxylation by the gamma-glutamyl carboxylase proceeds to completion once initiated; \| 11 amino terminal glutamic acid residues of fX which normally undergo gamma-carboxylation (glas 6, 7, 14, 16, 19, 20, 25, 26, 29, 32, 39).

Identifier	Residue	Sequence	Organism
SIGNOR-263674	Glu79	EDSDKTNeFWNKYKD	in vitro
pmid	sentence
9538022	This report describes the expression, purification, and characterization of a series of recombinant factor Xa variants bearing aspartate substitutions for each of the glutamate residues which normally undergo gamma-carboxylation. \|We have produced fully active recombinant human factor Xa and demonstrated that gla residues 16, 26, and 29 are critical for normal activity of factor Xa.\|This observation suggests that, for wild-type r-fX expressed in HEK cells, carboxylation by the gamma-glutamyl carboxylase proceeds to completion once initiated; \| 11 amino terminal glutamic acid residues of fX which normally undergo gamma-carboxylation (glas 6, 7, 14, 16, 19, 20, 25, 26, 29, 32, 39).

Identifier	Residue	Organism
SIGNOR-265921		Homo sapiens
pmid	sentence
31226734	Thus, vitamin K acts as a cofactor for GGCX via the vitamin K cycle and exerts physiological effects through its regulation of VKDPs [29]. More than 20 VKDPs have been found. Osteocalcin promotes bone formation, and blood coagulation factors II, VII, IX, and X activate blood coagulation. Matrix Gla protein suppresses cardiovascular calcification, and brain-expressed Gas 6 promotes neural differentiation [29]. GGCX is an enzyme that converts glutamic acid (Glu) residues to Gla residues, so that the Gla-containing proteins can exert various physiological actions such as blood coagulation and bone formation.

Publications:

12

Organism:

In Vitro, Homo Sapiens

Pathways:

Vitamin-K cycle

Identifier	Residue	Sequence	Organism
SIGNOR-263675	Glu49	RRANTFLeEVRKGNL	in vitro
pmid	sentence
10556651	We analyzed the number of glutamic acid (Glu) residues and their positions in the Gla domain (GD) of DCP to investigate the gamma-carboxylation mechanism of VK-dependent carboxylase. Several DCPs were found in each subject studied. The 10 Gla residues of human prothrombin were carboxylated in order from the N-terminal (residues 26, 25, 16, 29, 20, 19, 14, 32, 7 and 6)\|In the absence of VK or in the presence of VK antagonists, hepatic VKdependent carboxylase activity is inhibited and des-g-carboxyprothrombin (abnormal prothrombin or PIVKA; protein induced by vitamin K antagonist, prothrombin) is released into the blood.

Identifier	Residue	Sequence	Organism
SIGNOR-263676	Glu50	RANTFLEeVRKGNLE	in vitro
pmid	sentence
10556651	We analyzed the number of glutamic acid (Glu) residues and their positions in the Gla domain (GD) of DCP to investigate the gamma-carboxylation mechanism of VK-dependent carboxylase. Several DCPs were found in each subject studied. The 10 Gla residues of human prothrombin were carboxylated in order from the N-terminal (residues 26, 25, 16, 29, 20, 19, 14, 32, 7 and 6)\|In the absence of VK or in the presence of VK antagonists, hepatic VKdependent carboxylase activity is inhibited and des-g-carboxyprothrombin (abnormal prothrombin or PIVKA; protein induced by vitamin K antagonist, prothrombin) is released into the blood.

Identifier	Residue	Sequence	Organism
SIGNOR-263677	Glu57	EVRKGNLeRECVEET	in vitro
pmid	sentence
10556651	We analyzed the number of glutamic acid (Glu) residues and their positions in the Gla domain (GD) of DCP to investigate the gamma-carboxylation mechanism of VK-dependent carboxylase. Several DCPs were found in each subject studied. The 10 Gla residues of human prothrombin were carboxylated in order from the N-terminal (residues 26, 25, 16, 29, 20, 19, 14, 32, 7 and 6)\|In the absence of VK or in the presence of VK antagonists, hepatic VKdependent carboxylase activity is inhibited and des-g-carboxyprothrombin (abnormal prothrombin or PIVKA; protein induced by vitamin K antagonist, prothrombin) is released into the blood.

Identifier	Residue	Sequence	Organism
SIGNOR-263678	Glu59	RKGNLEReCVEETCS	in vitro
pmid	sentence
10556651	We analyzed the number of glutamic acid (Glu) residues and their positions in the Gla domain (GD) of DCP to investigate the gamma-carboxylation mechanism of VK-dependent carboxylase. Several DCPs were found in each subject studied. The 10 Gla residues of human prothrombin were carboxylated in order from the N-terminal (residues 26, 25, 16, 29, 20, 19, 14, 32, 7 and 6)\|In the absence of VK or in the presence of VK antagonists, hepatic VKdependent carboxylase activity is inhibited and des-g-carboxyprothrombin (abnormal prothrombin or PIVKA; protein induced by vitamin K antagonist, prothrombin) is released into the blood.

Identifier	Residue	Sequence	Organism
SIGNOR-263679	Glu62	NLERECVeETCSYEE	in vitro
pmid	sentence
10556651	We analyzed the number of glutamic acid (Glu) residues and their positions in the Gla domain (GD) of DCP to investigate the gamma-carboxylation mechanism of VK-dependent carboxylase. Several DCPs were found in each subject studied. The 10 Gla residues of human prothrombin were carboxylated in order from the N-terminal (residues 26, 25, 16, 29, 20, 19, 14, 32, 7 and 6)\|In the absence of VK or in the presence of VK antagonists, hepatic VKdependent carboxylase activity is inhibited and des-g-carboxyprothrombin (abnormal prothrombin or PIVKA; protein induced by vitamin K antagonist, prothrombin) is released into the blood.

Identifier	Residue	Sequence	Organism
SIGNOR-263680	Glu63	LERECVEeTCSYEEA	in vitro
pmid	sentence
10556651	We analyzed the number of glutamic acid (Glu) residues and their positions in the Gla domain (GD) of DCP to investigate the gamma-carboxylation mechanism of VK-dependent carboxylase. Several DCPs were found in each subject studied. The 10 Gla residues of human prothrombin were carboxylated in order from the N-terminal (residues 26, 25, 16, 29, 20, 19, 14, 32, 7 and 6)\|In the absence of VK or in the presence of VK antagonists, hepatic VKdependent carboxylase activity is inhibited and des-g-carboxyprothrombin (abnormal prothrombin or PIVKA; protein induced by vitamin K antagonist, prothrombin) is released into the blood.

Identifier	Residue	Sequence	Organism
SIGNOR-263681	Glu68	VEETCSYeEAFEALE	in vitro
pmid	sentence
10556651	We analyzed the number of glutamic acid (Glu) residues and their positions in the Gla domain (GD) of DCP to investigate the gamma-carboxylation mechanism of VK-dependent carboxylase. Several DCPs were found in each subject studied. The 10 Gla residues of human prothrombin were carboxylated in order from the N-terminal (residues 26, 25, 16, 29, 20, 19, 14, 32, 7 and 6)\|In the absence of VK or in the presence of VK antagonists, hepatic VKdependent carboxylase activity is inhibited and des-g-carboxyprothrombin (abnormal prothrombin or PIVKA; protein induced by vitamin K antagonist, prothrombin) is released into the blood.

Identifier	Residue	Sequence	Organism
SIGNOR-263682	Glu69	EETCSYEeAFEALES	in vitro
pmid	sentence
10556651	We analyzed the number of glutamic acid (Glu) residues and their positions in the Gla domain (GD) of DCP to investigate the gamma-carboxylation mechanism of VK-dependent carboxylase. Several DCPs were found in each subject studied. The 10 Gla residues of human prothrombin were carboxylated in order from the N-terminal (residues 26, 25, 16, 29, 20, 19, 14, 32, 7 and 6)\|In the absence of VK or in the presence of VK antagonists, hepatic VKdependent carboxylase activity is inhibited and des-g-carboxyprothrombin (abnormal prothrombin or PIVKA; protein induced by vitamin K antagonist, prothrombin) is released into the blood.

Identifier	Residue	Sequence	Organism
SIGNOR-263683	Glu72	CSYEEAFeALESSTA	in vitro
pmid	sentence
10556651	We analyzed the number of glutamic acid (Glu) residues and their positions in the Gla domain (GD) of DCP to investigate the gamma-carboxylation mechanism of VK-dependent carboxylase. Several DCPs were found in each subject studied. The 10 Gla residues of human prothrombin were carboxylated in order from the N-terminal (residues 26, 25, 16, 29, 20, 19, 14, 32, 7 and 6)\|In the absence of VK or in the presence of VK antagonists, hepatic VKdependent carboxylase activity is inhibited and des-g-carboxyprothrombin (abnormal prothrombin or PIVKA; protein induced by vitamin K antagonist, prothrombin) is released into the blood.

Identifier	Residue	Sequence	Organism
SIGNOR-263684	Glu75	EEAFEALeSSTATDV	in vitro
pmid	sentence
10556651	We analyzed the number of glutamic acid (Glu) residues and their positions in the Gla domain (GD) of DCP to investigate the gamma-carboxylation mechanism of VK-dependent carboxylase. Several DCPs were found in each subject studied. The 10 Gla residues of human prothrombin were carboxylated in order from the N-terminal (residues 26, 25, 16, 29, 20, 19, 14, 32, 7 and 6)\|In the absence of VK or in the presence of VK antagonists, hepatic VKdependent carboxylase activity is inhibited and des-g-carboxyprothrombin (abnormal prothrombin or PIVKA; protein induced by vitamin K antagonist, prothrombin) is released into the blood.

Identifier	Residue	Organism
SIGNOR-265918		Homo sapiens
pmid	sentence
31226734	Thus, vitamin K acts as a cofactor for GGCX via the vitamin K cycle and exerts physiological effects through its regulation of VKDPs [29]. More than 20 VKDPs have been found. Osteocalcin promotes bone formation, and blood coagulation factors II, VII, IX, and X activate blood coagulation. Matrix Gla protein suppresses cardiovascular calcification, and brain-expressed Gas 6 promotes neural differentiation [29]. GGCX is an enzyme that converts glutamic acid (Glu) residues to Gla residues, so that the Gla-containing proteins can exert various physiological actions such as blood coagulation and bone formation.

Publications:

11

Organism:

In Vitro, Homo Sapiens

Pathways:

Vitamin-K cycle

Identifier	Residue	Sequence	Organism
SIGNOR-263686	Glu53	RYNSGKLeEFVQGNL	Mus musculus
pmid	sentence
11133752	The direct gamma-carboxyglutamic acid analysis and the N-terminal sequence analysis of the myotube-synthesized F.IX demonstrate efficient carboxylation at 11 of 12 γ-carboxyglutamic acid residues. \|In previous work54 we have demonstrated that the γ-glutamyl carboxylase is present in skeletal muscle, but at a level only 5% to 10% of that found in the liver. This level of enzyme appears to be sufficient to provide full carboxylation of F.IX synthesized in myotubes\|Glu 7, 8, 15, 17, 20, 21, 26, 27, 30, 33, and 36 are each less than 10% of the yield at the previous and subsequent cycles. Only a single γ-carboxylated residue, Gla 40, was not assessed by N-terminal sequencing.

Identifier	Residue	Sequence	Organism
SIGNOR-263687	Glu54	YNSGKLEeFVQGNLE	Mus musculus
pmid	sentence
11133752	The direct gamma-carboxyglutamic acid analysis and the N-terminal sequence analysis of the myotube-synthesized F.IX demonstrate efficient carboxylation at 11 of 12 γ-carboxyglutamic acid residues. \|In previous work54 we have demonstrated that the γ-glutamyl carboxylase is present in skeletal muscle, but at a level only 5% to 10% of that found in the liver. This level of enzyme appears to be sufficient to provide full carboxylation of F.IX synthesized in myotubes\|Glu 7, 8, 15, 17, 20, 21, 26, 27, 30, 33, and 36 are each less than 10% of the yield at the previous and subsequent cycles. Only a single γ-carboxylated residue, Gla 40, was not assessed by N-terminal sequencing.

Identifier	Residue	Sequence	Organism
SIGNOR-263688	Glu61	EFVQGNLeRECMEEK	Mus musculus
pmid	sentence
11133752	The direct gamma-carboxyglutamic acid analysis and the N-terminal sequence analysis of the myotube-synthesized F.IX demonstrate efficient carboxylation at 11 of 12 γ-carboxyglutamic acid residues. \|In previous work54 we have demonstrated that the γ-glutamyl carboxylase is present in skeletal muscle, but at a level only 5% to 10% of that found in the liver. This level of enzyme appears to be sufficient to provide full carboxylation of F.IX synthesized in myotubes\|Glu 7, 8, 15, 17, 20, 21, 26, 27, 30, 33, and 36 are each less than 10% of the yield at the previous and subsequent cycles. Only a single γ-carboxylated residue, Gla 40, was not assessed by N-terminal sequencing.

Identifier	Residue	Sequence	Organism
SIGNOR-263689	Glu63	VQGNLEReCMEEKCS	Mus musculus
pmid	sentence
11133752	The direct gamma-carboxyglutamic acid analysis and the N-terminal sequence analysis of the myotube-synthesized F.IX demonstrate efficient carboxylation at 11 of 12 γ-carboxyglutamic acid residues. \|In previous work54 we have demonstrated that the γ-glutamyl carboxylase is present in skeletal muscle, but at a level only 5% to 10% of that found in the liver. This level of enzyme appears to be sufficient to provide full carboxylation of F.IX synthesized in myotubes\|Glu 7, 8, 15, 17, 20, 21, 26, 27, 30, 33, and 36 are each less than 10% of the yield at the previous and subsequent cycles. Only a single γ-carboxylated residue, Gla 40, was not assessed by N-terminal sequencing.

Identifier	Residue	Sequence	Organism
SIGNOR-263690	Glu66	NLERECMeEKCSFEE	Mus musculus
pmid	sentence
11133752	The direct gamma-carboxyglutamic acid analysis and the N-terminal sequence analysis of the myotube-synthesized F.IX demonstrate efficient carboxylation at 11 of 12 γ-carboxyglutamic acid residues. \|In previous work54 we have demonstrated that the γ-glutamyl carboxylase is present in skeletal muscle, but at a level only 5% to 10% of that found in the liver. This level of enzyme appears to be sufficient to provide full carboxylation of F.IX synthesized in myotubes\|Glu 7, 8, 15, 17, 20, 21, 26, 27, 30, 33, and 36 are each less than 10% of the yield at the previous and subsequent cycles. Only a single γ-carboxylated residue, Gla 40, was not assessed by N-terminal sequencing.

Identifier	Residue	Sequence	Organism
SIGNOR-263691	Glu67	LERECMEeKCSFEEA	Mus musculus
pmid	sentence
11133752	The direct gamma-carboxyglutamic acid analysis and the N-terminal sequence analysis of the myotube-synthesized F.IX demonstrate efficient carboxylation at 11 of 12 γ-carboxyglutamic acid residues. \|In previous work54 we have demonstrated that the γ-glutamyl carboxylase is present in skeletal muscle, but at a level only 5% to 10% of that found in the liver. This level of enzyme appears to be sufficient to provide full carboxylation of F.IX synthesized in myotubes\|Glu 7, 8, 15, 17, 20, 21, 26, 27, 30, 33, and 36 are each less than 10% of the yield at the previous and subsequent cycles. Only a single γ-carboxylated residue, Gla 40, was not assessed by N-terminal sequencing.

Identifier	Residue	Sequence	Organism
SIGNOR-263692	Glu72	MEEKCSFeEAREVFE	Mus musculus
pmid	sentence
11133752	The direct gamma-carboxyglutamic acid analysis and the N-terminal sequence analysis of the myotube-synthesized F.IX demonstrate efficient carboxylation at 11 of 12 γ-carboxyglutamic acid residues. \|In previous work54 we have demonstrated that the γ-glutamyl carboxylase is present in skeletal muscle, but at a level only 5% to 10% of that found in the liver. This level of enzyme appears to be sufficient to provide full carboxylation of F.IX synthesized in myotubes\|Glu 7, 8, 15, 17, 20, 21, 26, 27, 30, 33, and 36 are each less than 10% of the yield at the previous and subsequent cycles. Only a single γ-carboxylated residue, Gla 40, was not assessed by N-terminal sequencing.

Identifier	Residue	Sequence	Organism
SIGNOR-263693	Glu73	EEKCSFEeAREVFEN	Mus musculus
pmid	sentence
11133752	The direct gamma-carboxyglutamic acid analysis and the N-terminal sequence analysis of the myotube-synthesized F.IX demonstrate efficient carboxylation at 11 of 12 γ-carboxyglutamic acid residues. \|In previous work54 we have demonstrated that the γ-glutamyl carboxylase is present in skeletal muscle, but at a level only 5% to 10% of that found in the liver. This level of enzyme appears to be sufficient to provide full carboxylation of F.IX synthesized in myotubes\|Glu 7, 8, 15, 17, 20, 21, 26, 27, 30, 33, and 36 are each less than 10% of the yield at the previous and subsequent cycles. Only a single γ-carboxylated residue, Gla 40, was not assessed by N-terminal sequencing.

Identifier	Residue	Sequence	Organism
SIGNOR-263694	Glu76	CSFEEAReVFENTER	Mus musculus
pmid	sentence
11133752	The direct gamma-carboxyglutamic acid analysis and the N-terminal sequence analysis of the myotube-synthesized F.IX demonstrate efficient carboxylation at 11 of 12 γ-carboxyglutamic acid residues. \|In previous work54 we have demonstrated that the γ-glutamyl carboxylase is present in skeletal muscle, but at a level only 5% to 10% of that found in the liver. This level of enzyme appears to be sufficient to provide full carboxylation of F.IX synthesized in myotubes\|Glu 7, 8, 15, 17, 20, 21, 26, 27, 30, 33, and 36 are each less than 10% of the yield at the previous and subsequent cycles. Only a single γ-carboxylated residue, Gla 40, was not assessed by N-terminal sequencing.

Identifier	Residue	Sequence	Organism
SIGNOR-263685	Glu79	EEAREVFeNTERTTE	Mus musculus
pmid	sentence
11133752	The direct gamma-carboxyglutamic acid analysis and the N-terminal sequence analysis of the myotube-synthesized F.IX demonstrate efficient carboxylation at 11 of 12 γ-carboxyglutamic acid residues. \|In previous work54 we have demonstrated that the γ-glutamyl carboxylase is present in skeletal muscle, but at a level only 5% to 10% of that found in the liver. This level of enzyme appears to be sufficient to provide full carboxylation of F.IX synthesized in myotubes\|Glu 7, 8, 15, 17, 20, 21, 26, 27, 30, 33, and 36 are each less than 10% of the yield at the previous and subsequent cycles. Only a single γ-carboxylated residue, Gla 40, was not assessed by N-terminal sequencing.

Identifier	Residue	Sequence	Organism
SIGNOR-263695	Glu82	REVFENTeRTTEFWK	Mus musculus
pmid	sentence
11133752	The direct gamma-carboxyglutamic acid analysis and the N-terminal sequence analysis of the myotube-synthesized F.IX demonstrate efficient carboxylation at 11 of 12 γ-carboxyglutamic acid residues. \|In previous work54 we have demonstrated that the γ-glutamyl carboxylase is present in skeletal muscle, but at a level only 5% to 10% of that found in the liver. This level of enzyme appears to be sufficient to provide full carboxylation of F.IX synthesized in myotubes\|Glu 7, 8, 15, 17, 20, 21, 26, 27, 30, 33, and 36 are each less than 10% of the yield at the previous and subsequent cycles. Only a single γ-carboxylated residue, Gla 40, was not assessed by N-terminal sequencing.

Identifier	Residue	Sequence	Organism
SIGNOR-263696	Glu86	ENTERTTeFWKQYVD	Mus musculus
pmid	sentence
11133752	The direct gamma-carboxyglutamic acid analysis and the N-terminal sequence analysis of the myotube-synthesized F.IX demonstrate efficient carboxylation at 11 of 12 γ-carboxyglutamic acid residues. \|In previous work54 we have demonstrated that the γ-glutamyl carboxylase is present in skeletal muscle, but at a level only 5% to 10% of that found in the liver. This level of enzyme appears to be sufficient to provide full carboxylation of F.IX synthesized in myotubes\|Glu 7, 8, 15, 17, 20, 21, 26, 27, 30, 33, and 36 are each less than 10% of the yield at the previous and subsequent cycles. Only a single γ-carboxylated residue, Gla 40, was not assessed by N-terminal sequencing.

Identifier	Residue	Organism
SIGNOR-265920		Homo sapiens
pmid	sentence
31226734	Thus, vitamin K acts as a cofactor for GGCX via the vitamin K cycle and exerts physiological effects through its regulation of VKDPs [29]. More than 20 VKDPs have been found. Osteocalcin promotes bone formation, and blood coagulation factors II, VII, IX, and X activate blood coagulation. Matrix Gla protein suppresses cardiovascular calcification, and brain-expressed Gas 6 promotes neural differentiation [29]. GGCX is an enzyme that converts glutamic acid (Glu) residues to Gla residues, so that the Gla-containing proteins can exert various physiological actions such as blood coagulation and bone formation.

Publications:

13

Organism:

Mus Musculus, Homo Sapiens

Tissue:

Skeletal Muscle

Pathways:

Vitamin-K cycle

Identifier	Residue	Organism
SIGNOR-265917		Homo sapiens
pmid	sentence
31226734	GGCX carboxylates the glutamic acid residues of vitamin K-dependent proteins (VKDP) to Gla using reduced vitamin K, while simultaneously oxidizing the reduced form of vitamin K to an epoxide form.

Publications:

1

Organism:

Homo Sapiens

Pathways:

Vitamin-K cycle

Identifier	Residue	Organism
SIGNOR-265910		Rattus norvegicus
pmid	sentence
15075329	Results are presented that demonstrate that the endoplasmic reticulum chaperone protein calumenin is associated with gamma-carboxylase and inhibits its activity.

Publications:

1

Organism:

Rattus Norvegicus

Tissue:

Liver

Pathways:

Vitamin-K cycle

Identifier	Residue	Organism
SIGNOR-265926		Homo sapiens
pmid	sentence
28125048	Gamma-carboxylation is essential in the activation and proper functioning of multiple VK-dependent proteins (VKDP), the most well-known of which are involved in blood clotting, including coagulation factors (FII, FVII, FIX and FX) and natural anti-clotting agents (protein C, protein S (ProS; OMIM*176880) and protein Z

Publications:

1

Organism:

Homo Sapiens

Pathways:

Vitamin-K cycle

Identifier	Residue	Organism
SIGNOR-261231		Rattus norvegicus
pmid	sentence
31539109	GGCX can regulate osteoporosis via promoting the TGFβ/smad signaling pathway, facilitating BMSCs osteogenic differentiation, and inhibiting BMSCs adipogenic differentiation. The transfection of pcDNA-GGCX plasmid significantly promoted BMSC cell proliferation, increased calcified nodule formation, inhibited adipogenic differentiation, enhanced ALP activity, elevated RUNX2, and OPN mRNA expressions, and upregulated TGFβ1, Smad2, and Smad7 expressions (p < 0.05).

Publications:

1

Organism:

Rattus Norvegicus

Identifier	Residue	Organism
SIGNOR-265908		Homo sapiens
pmid	sentence
31226734	GGCX carboxylates the glutamic acid residues of vitamin K-dependent proteins (VKDP) to Gla using reduced vitamin K, while simultaneously oxidizing the reduced form of vitamin K to an epoxide form.

Publications:

1

Organism:

Homo Sapiens

Pathways:

Vitamin-K cycle

Identifier	Residue	Organism
SIGNOR-265924		Homo sapiens
pmid	sentence
28125048	Gamma-carboxylation is essential in the activation and proper functioning of multiple VK-dependent proteins (VKDP), the most well-known of which are involved in blood clotting, including coagulation factors (FII, FVII, FIX and FX) and natural anti-clotting agents (protein C, protein S (ProS; OMIM*176880) and protein Z

Publications:

1

Organism:

Homo Sapiens

Pathways:

Vitamin-K cycle

Identifier	Residue	Organism
SIGNOR-265919		Homo sapiens
pmid	sentence
31226734	Thus, vitamin K acts as a cofactor for GGCX via the vitamin K cycle and exerts physiological effects through its regulation of VKDPs [29]. More than 20 VKDPs have been found. Osteocalcin promotes bone formation, and blood coagulation factors II, VII, IX, and X activate blood coagulation. Matrix Gla protein suppresses cardiovascular calcification, and brain-expressed Gas 6 promotes neural differentiation [29]. GGCX is an enzyme that converts glutamic acid (Glu) residues to Gla residues, so that the Gla-containing proteins can exert various physiological actions such as blood coagulation and bone formation.

Publications:

1

Organism:

Homo Sapiens

Pathways:

Vitamin-K cycle

Identifier	Residue	Organism
SIGNOR-261230		Rattus norvegicus
pmid	sentence
31539109	GGCX can regulate osteoporosis via promoting the TGFβ/smad signaling pathway, facilitating BMSCs osteogenic differentiation, and inhibiting BMSCs adipogenic differentiation. The transfection of pcDNA-GGCX plasmid significantly promoted BMSC cell proliferation, increased calcified nodule formation, inhibited adipogenic differentiation, enhanced ALP activity, elevated RUNX2, and OPN mRNA expressions, and upregulated TGFβ1, Smad2, and Smad7 expressions (p < 0.05).

Publications:

1

Organism:

Rattus Norvegicus

Identifier	Residue	Organism
SIGNOR-261232		Rattus norvegicus
pmid	sentence
31539109	GGCX can regulate osteoporosis via promoting the TGFβ/smad signaling pathway, facilitating BMSCs osteogenic differentiation, and inhibiting BMSCs adipogenic differentiation. The transfection of pcDNA-GGCX plasmid significantly promoted BMSC cell proliferation, increased calcified nodule formation, inhibited adipogenic differentiation, enhanced ALP activity, elevated RUNX2, and OPN mRNA expressions, and upregulated TGFβ1, Smad2, and Smad7 expressions (p < 0.05).

Publications:

1

Organism:

Rattus Norvegicus

Identifier	Residue	Organism
SIGNOR-261233		Rattus norvegicus
pmid	sentence
31539109	GGCX can regulate osteoporosis via promoting the TGFβ/smad signaling pathway, facilitating BMSCs osteogenic differentiation, and inhibiting BMSCs adipogenic differentiation. The transfection of pcDNA-GGCX plasmid significantly promoted BMSC cell proliferation, increased calcified nodule formation, inhibited adipogenic differentiation, enhanced ALP activity, elevated RUNX2, and OPN mRNA expressions, and upregulated TGFβ1, Smad2, and Smad7 expressions (p < 0.05).

Publications:

1

Organism:

Rattus Norvegicus

Identifier	Residue	Organism
SIGNOR-265923		Homo sapiens
pmid	sentence
31226734	Thus, vitamin K acts as a cofactor for GGCX via the vitamin K cycle and exerts physiological effects through its regulation of VKDPs [29]. More than 20 VKDPs have been found. Osteocalcin promotes bone formation, and blood coagulation factors II, VII, IX, and X activate blood coagulation. Matrix Gla protein suppresses cardiovascular calcification, and brain-expressed Gas 6 promotes neural differentiation [29]. GGCX is an enzyme that converts glutamic acid (Glu) residues to Gla residues, so that the Gla-containing proteins can exert various physiological actions such as blood coagulation and bone formation.

Publications:

1

Organism:

Homo Sapiens

Pathways:

Vitamin-K cycle

Identifier	Residue	Organism
SIGNOR-265922		Homo sapiens
pmid	sentence
31226734	Thus, vitamin K acts as a cofactor for GGCX via the vitamin K cycle and exerts physiological effects through its regulation of VKDPs [29]. More than 20 VKDPs have been found. Osteocalcin promotes bone formation, and blood coagulation factors II, VII, IX, and X activate blood coagulation. Matrix Gla protein suppresses cardiovascular calcification, and brain-expressed Gas 6 promotes neural differentiation [29]. GGCX is an enzyme that converts glutamic acid (Glu) residues to Gla residues, so that the Gla-containing proteins can exert various physiological actions such as blood coagulation and bone formation.

Publications:

1

Organism:

Homo Sapiens

Pathways:

Vitamin-K cycle

Identifier	Residue	Organism
SIGNOR-265925		Homo sapiens
pmid	sentence
28125048	Gamma-carboxylation is essential in the activation and proper functioning of multiple VK-dependent proteins (VKDP), the most well-known of which are involved in blood clotting, including coagulation factors (FII, FVII, FIX and FX) and natural anti-clotting agents (protein C, protein S (ProS; OMIM*176880) and protein Z

Publications:

1

Organism:

Homo Sapiens

Pathways:

Vitamin-K cycle

Name	GGCX View Modifications
Full Name	Vitamin K-dependent gamma-carboxylase
Synonyms	Gamma-glutamyl carboxylase, Peptidyl-glutamate 4-carboxylase, Vitamin K gamma glutamyl carboxylase \| GC
Primary ID	P38435
Links	- -
Type	protein
Relations	49
Pathways	Vitamin-K cycle
Function	Mediates the vitamin K-dependent carboxylation of glutamate residues to calcium-binding gamma-carboxyglutamate (Gla) residues with the concomitant conversion of the reduced hydroquinone form of vitamin K to vitamin K epoxide.

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