Summary

Name POLR2A
Full Name DNA-directed RNA polymerase II subunit RPB1
Synonyms RNA polymerase II subunit B1, DNA-directed RNA polymerase II subunit A, DNA-directed RNA polymerase III largest subunit, RNA-directed RNA polymerase II subunit RPB1, 2.7.7.48 | POLR2
Primary ID P24928
Links - -
Type protein
Relations 310
Pathways Transcription initiation
Function DNA-dependent RNA polymerase catalyzes the transcription of DNA into RNA using the four ribonucleoside triphosphates as substrates. Largest and catalytic component of RNA polymerase II which synthesizes mRNA precursors and many functional non-coding RNAs. Forms the polymerase active center together with the second largest subunit. Pol II is the central component of the basal RNA polymerase II transcription machinery. It is composed of mobile elements that move relative to each other. RPB1 is part of the core element with the central large cleft, the clamp element that moves to open and close the cleft and the jaws that are thought to grab the incoming DNA template. At the start of transcription, a single-stranded DNA template strand of the promoter is positioned within the central active site cleft of Pol II. A bridging helix emanates from RPB1 and crosses the cleft near the catalytic site and is thought to promote translocation of Pol II by acting as a ratchet that moves the RNA-DNA hybrid through the active site by switching from straight to bent conformations at each step of nucleotide addition. During transcription elongation, Pol II moves on the template as the transcript elongates. Elongation is influenced by the phosphorylation status of the C-terminal domain (CTD) of Pol II largest subunit (RPB1), which serves as a platform for assembly of factors that regulate transcription initiation, elongation, termination and mRNA processing. Regulation of gene expression levels depends on the balance between methylation and acetylation levels of tha CTD-lysines (By similarity). Initiation or early elongation steps of transcription of growth-factors-induced immediate early genes are regulated by the acetylation status of the CTD (PubMed:24207025). Methylation and dimethylation have a repressive effect on target genes expression (By similarity).

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Modifications Tables

Relations

Regulator Mechanism target score
+ up-regulates img/direct-activation.png phosphorylation POLR2A 0.77
Publications: 24 Organism: Homo Sapiens
+ up-regulates activity img/direct-activation.png phosphorylation POLR2A 0.743
Publications: 25 Organism: Homo Sapiens
+ up-regulates activity img/direct-activation.png phosphorylation POLR2A 0.559
Publications: 25 Organism: Homo Sapiens
+ up-regulates activity img/direct-activation.png dephosphorylation POLR2A 0.725
Publications: 24 Organism: Homo Sapiens
+ up-regulates activity img/direct-activation.png dephosphorylation POLR2A 0.848
Publications: 24 Organism: In Vitro
+ up-regulates activity img/direct-activation.png dephosphorylation POLR2A 0.443
Publications: 24 Organism: In Vitro
+ up-regulates activity img/direct-activation.png phosphorylation POLR2A 0.637
Publications: 25 Organism: Homo Sapiens
+ up-regulates img/direct-activation.png phosphorylation POLR2A 0.466
Publications: 1 Organism: Homo Sapiens
+ up-regulates activity img/direct-activation.png phosphorylation POLR2A 0.714
Publications: 23 Organism: Homo Sapiens
Pathways:Transcription initiation
+ down-regulates img/direct_inhibition.png phosphorylation POLR2A 0.322
Publications: 23 Organism: Homo Sapiens
+ down-regulates quantity by destabilization img/direct_inhibition.png phosphorylation POLR2A 0.714
Publications: 23 Organism: Homo Sapiens
Pathways:Transcription initiation
+ down-regulates img/direct_inhibition.png phosphorylation POLR2A 0.316
Publications: 23 Organism: Homo Sapiens
+ down-regulates img/direct_inhibition.png phosphorylation POLR2A 0.78
Publications: 23 Organism: Homo Sapiens
+ up-regulates img/direct-activation.png phosphorylation POLR2A 0.773
Publications: 12 Organism: Homo Sapiens
+ up-regulates activity img/direct-activation.png phosphorylation POLR2A 0.773
Publications: 1 Organism: Homo Sapiens
+ up-regulates activity img/direct-activation.png phosphorylation POLR2A 0.77
Publications: 1 Organism: Homo Sapiens
+ form complex img/form-complex.png binding RNA Polymerase II 0.863
Publications: 1 Organism: Homo Sapiens
Pathways:Transcription initiation
+ up-regulates activity img/direct-activation.png binding POLR2A 0.521
Publications: 1 Organism: Homo Sapiens
+ down-regulates quantity img/direct_inhibition.png ubiquitination POLR2A 0.398
Publications: 1 Organism: Homo Sapiens
+ down-regulates activity img/direct_inhibition.png binding POLR2A 0.47
Publications: 1 Organism: Homo Sapiens
+ up-regulates activity img/direct-activation.png relocalization Integrator complex 0.647
Publications: 1 Organism: In Vitro
+ down-regulates img/direct_inhibition.png phosphorylation POLR2A 0.2
Publications: 1 Organism: Homo Sapiens
+ up-regulates activity img/direct-activation.png phosphorylation POLR2A 0.745
Publications: 1 Organism: Homo Sapiens
+ up-regulates activity img/direct-activation.png binding POLR2A 0.521
Publications: 1 Organism: Homo Sapiens
Pathways:Transcription initiation
+ down-regulates img/direct_inhibition.png phosphorylation POLR2A 0.2
Publications: 1 Organism: Homo Sapiens