3.0
Summary
| Name |  PTGS2View Modifications |
| Full Name | Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2 |
| Synonyms | Cyclooxygenase-2, COX-2, PHS II, Prostaglandin H2 synthase 2, PGH synthase 2, PGHS-2, Prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 | COX2 |
| Primary ID | P35354 |
| Links |  -  -  |
| Type | protein |
| Relations | 40 |
| Pathways | Acute Myeloid Leukemia, AML1-ETO in AML, Pericyte: Prostaglandins and myogenesis, SARS-CoV INFLAMMATORY RESPONSE, Satellite: Prostaglandins and myogenesis |
| Inhibitors | acetylsalicylic acid; celecoxib; 5-benzoyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-pyrrolizine-1-carboxylic acid; ibuprofen; paracetamol; oxaprozin; indometacin; naproxen; ketoprofen; meloxicam; suprofen; Pravadoline; piroxicam |
| Function | Dual cyclooxygenase and peroxidase in the biosynthesis pathway of prostanoids, a class of C20 oxylipins mainly derived from arachidonate, with a particular role in the inflammatory response (PubMed:7947975, PubMed:7592599, PubMed:9261177, PubMed:16373578, PubMed:22942274, PubMed:26859324, PubMed:27226593, PubMed:11939906, PubMed:19540099). The cyclooxygenase activity oxygenates arachidonate (AA, C20:4(n-6)) to the hydroperoxy endoperoxide prostaglandin G2 (PGG2), and the peroxidase activity reduces PGG2 to the hydroxy endoperoxide PGH2, the precursor of all 2-series prostaglandins and thromboxanes (PubMed:7947975, PubMed:7592599, PubMed:9261177, PubMed:16373578, PubMed:22942274, PubMed:26859324, PubMed:27226593). This complex transformation is initiated by abstraction of hydrogen at carbon 13 (with S-stereochemistry), followed by insertion of molecular O2 to form the endoperoxide bridge between carbon 9 and 11 that defines prostaglandins. The insertion of a second molecule of O2 (bis-oxygenase activity) yields a hydroperoxy group in PGG2 that is then reduced to PGH2 by two electrons (PubMed:7947975, PubMed:7592599, PubMed:9261177, PubMed:16373578, PubMed:22942274, PubMed:26859324, PubMed:27226593). Similarly catalyzes successive cyclooxygenation and peroxidation of dihomo-gamma-linoleate (DGLA, C20:3(n-6)) and eicosapentaenoate (EPA, C20:5(n-3)) to corresponding PGH1 and PGH3, the precursors of 1- and 3-series prostaglandins (PubMed:11939906, PubMed:19540099). In an alternative pathway of prostanoid biosynthesis, converts 2-arachidonoyl lysophopholipids to prostanoid lysophopholipids, which are then hydrolyzed by intracellular phospholipases to release free prostanoids (PubMed:27642067). Metabolizes 2-arachidonoyl glycerol yielding the glyceryl ester of PGH2, a process that can contribute to pain response (PubMed:22942274). Generates lipid mediators from n-3 and n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) via a lipoxygenase-type mechanism. Oxygenates PUFAs to hydroperoxy compounds and then reduces them to corresponding alcohols (PubMed:11034610, PubMed:11192938, PubMed:9048568, PubMed:9261177). Plays a role in the generation of resolution phase interaction products (resolvins) during both sterile and infectious inflammation (PubMed:12391014). Metabolizes docosahexaenoate (DHA, C22:6(n-3)) to 17R-HDHA, a precursor of the D-series resolvins (RvDs) (PubMed:12391014). As a component of the biosynthetic pathway of E-series resolvins (RvEs), converts eicosapentaenoate (EPA, C20:5(n-3)) primarily to 18S-HEPE that is further metabolized by ALOX5 and LTA4H to generate 18S-RvE1 and 18S-RvE2 (PubMed:21206090). In vascular endothelial cells, converts docosapentaenoate (DPA, C22:5(n-3)) to 13R-HDPA, a precursor for 13-series resolvins (RvTs) shown to activate macrophage phagocytosis during bacterial infection (PubMed:26236990). In activated leukocytes, contributes to oxygenation of hydroxyeicosatetraenoates (HETE) to diHETES (5,15-diHETE and 5,11-diHETE) (PubMed:22068350, PubMed:26282205). During neuroinflammation, plays a role in neuronal secretion of specialized preresolving mediators (SPMs) 15R-lipoxin A4 that regulates phagocytic microglia (By similarity). |
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Modifications Tables
Relations
| Regulator | Mechanism | target | score ℹ | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| + | LYN | up-regulates activity 
phosphorylation
|
PTGS2 | 0.395 |
| Publications: | 1 | Organism: | In Vitro | |
| + | FYN | up-regulates activity
phosphorylation
|
PTGS2 | 0.399 |
| Publications: | 1 | Organism: | In Vitro | |
| + | NFATC2 | up-regulates quantity by expression
transcriptional regulation
|
PTGS2 | 0.381 |
| Publications: | 1 | Organism: | Homo Sapiens | |
| + | PTGS2 | down-regulates quantity 
chemical modification
|
episterol ester | 0.8 |
| Publications: | 1 | Organism: | Homo Sapiens | |
| + | NFATC1 | up-regulates quantity by expression
transcriptional regulation
|
PTGS2 | 0.323 |
| Publications: | 1 | Organism: | Homo Sapiens | |
| + | acetylsalicylic acid | down-regulates
chemical inhibition
|
PTGS2 | 0.8 |
| Publications: | 1 | Organism: | Homo Sapiens | |
| + | celecoxib | down-regulates
chemical inhibition
|
PTGS2 | 0.8 |
| Publications: | 1 | Organism: | Homo Sapiens | |
| + | 5-benzoyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-pyrrolizine-1-carboxylic acid | down-regulates activity
chemical inhibition
|
PTGS2 | 0.8 |
| Publications: | 1 | Organism: | In Vitro | |
| + | PTGS2 | up-regulates quantity
chemical modification
|
prostaglandin G2(1-) | 0.8 |
| Publications: | 1 | Organism: | In Vitro | |
| + | NFATC3 | up-regulates quantity by expression
transcriptional regulation
|
PTGS2 | 0.283 |
| Publications: | 1 | Organism: | Homo Sapiens | |
| + | PTGS2 | down-regulates 
|
GSK3B | 0.419 |
| Publications: | 1 | Organism: | Homo Sapiens | |
| Pathways: | Acute Myeloid Leukemia | |||
| + | PTGS2 | up-regulates quantity
chemical modification
|
prostaglandin E2(1-) | 0.8 |
| Publications: | 1 | Organism: | Homo Sapiens | |
| Pathways: | Acute Myeloid Leukemia, AML1-ETO in AML | |||
| + | ibuprofen | down-regulates activity
chemical inhibition
|
PTGS2 | 0.8 |
| Publications: | 2 | Organism: | In Vitro | |
| + | NfKb-p65/p50 | up-regulates quantity by expression 
|
PTGS2 | 0.373 |
| Publications: | 1 | Organism: | Homo Sapiens | |
| Pathways: | Acute Myeloid Leukemia, SARS-CoV INFLAMMATORY RESPONSE | |||
| + | PTGS2 | up-regulates
chemical modification
|
prostaglandin F2alpha | 0.8 |
| Publications: | 2 | Organism: | Homo Sapiens | |
| + | paracetamol | down-regulates activity
chemical inhibition
|
PTGS2 | 0.8 |
| Publications: | 1 | Organism: | Homo Sapiens | |
| + | PTGS2 | up-regulates
|
MYOD1 | 0.267 |
| Publications: | 1 | Organism: | Homo Sapiens | |
| + | IRX1 | up-regulates quantity by expression
transcriptional regulation
|
PTGS2 | 0.2 |
| Publications: | 1 | Organism: | Homo Sapiens | |
| + | PTGS2 | up-regulates
chemical modification
|
prostaglandin D2 | 0.8 |
| Publications: | 1 | Organism: | Homo Sapiens | |
| + | oxaprozin | down-regulates activity
chemical inhibition
|
PTGS2 | 0.8 |
| Publications: | 1 | Organism: | Homo Sapiens | |
| + | PTGS2 | up-regulates quantity
chemical modification
|
prostaglandin H2(1-) | 0.8 |
| Publications: | 1 | Organism: | In Vitro | |
| + | arachidonic acid | up-regulates
|
PTGS2 | 0.8 |
| Publications: | 1 | Organism: | Homo Sapiens | |
| + | PTGS2 | up-regulates
|
IL4 | 0.458 |
| Publications: | 1 | Organism: | Homo Sapiens | |
| + | indometacin | down-regulates activity
chemical inhibition
|
PTGS2 | 0.8 |
| Publications: | 2 | Organism: | Rattus Norvegicus, In Vitro | |
| Tissue: | Aorta | |||
| + | AML1-ETO | up-regulates quantity by expression
transcriptional regulation
|
PTGS2 | 0.2 |
| Publications: | 1 | Organism: | Mus Musculus | |
| Pathways: | Acute Myeloid Leukemia, AML1-ETO in AML | |||
| + | naproxen | down-regulates activity
chemical inhibition
|
PTGS2 | 0.8 |
| Publications: | 1 | Organism: | In Vitro | |
| + | NFATC4 | up-regulates quantity by expression
transcriptional regulation
|
PTGS2 | 0.286 |
| Publications: | 1 | Organism: | Homo Sapiens | |
| + | ketoprofen | down-regulates activity
chemical inhibition
|
PTGS2 | 0.8 |
| Publications: | 1 | Organism: | Homo Sapiens | |
| + | S | up-regulates activity
transcriptional regulation
|
PTGS2 | 0.2 |
| Publications: | 1 | Organism: | Homo Sapiens | |
| Pathways: | SARS-CoV INFLAMMATORY RESPONSE | |||
| + | N | up-regulates activity
transcriptional regulation
|
PTGS2 | 0.2 |
| Publications: | 1 | Organism: | Homo Sapiens | |
| Pathways: | SARS-CoV INFLAMMATORY RESPONSE | |||
| + | PTGS2 | up-regulates
|
Inflammation | 0.7 |
| Publications: | 1 | Organism: | Homo Sapiens | |
| Pathways: | SARS-CoV INFLAMMATORY RESPONSE | |||
| + | PTGS2 | up-regulates
chemical modification
|
Prostacycline | 0.8 |
| Publications: | 1 | Organism: | Homo Sapiens | |
| + | meloxicam | down-regulates activity
chemical inhibition
|
PTGS2 | 0.8 |
| Publications: | 1 | Organism: | In Vitro | |
| + | suprofen | down-regulates activity
chemical inhibition
|
PTGS2 | 0.8 |
| Publications: | 1 | Organism: | Homo Sapiens | |
| + | SRF | up-regulates
|
PTGS2 | 0.255 |
| Publications: | 1 | Organism: | Homo Sapiens | |
| + | Pravadoline | down-regulates
chemical inhibition
|
PTGS2 | 0.8 |
| Publications: | 1 | Organism: | Homo Sapiens | |
| + | piroxicam | down-regulates activity
chemical inhibition
|
PTGS2 | 0.8 |
| Publications: | 1 | Organism: | In Vitro | |