Summary

Name RELA
Full Name Transcription factor p65
Synonyms Nuclear factor NF-kappa-B p65 subunit, Nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B-cells 3 | NFKB3
Primary ID Q04206
Links - -
Type protein
Relations 71
Pathways Acute Myeloid Leukemia, Fibroblast: FN1 transcriptional regulation, FLT3-ITD in AML, Macrophage: IL1 beta, Macrophage: IL1 beta transcriptional regulation
Function NF-kappa-B is a pleiotropic transcription factor present in almost all cell types and is the endpoint of a series of signal transduction events that are initiated by a vast array of stimuli related to many biological processes such as inflammation, immunity, differentiation, cell growth, tumorigenesis and apoptosis. NF-kappa-B is a homo- or heterodimeric complex formed by the Rel-like domain-containing proteins RELA/p65, RELB, NFKB1/p105, NFKB1/p50, REL and NFKB2/p52. The heterodimeric RELA-NFKB1 complex appears to be most abundant one. The dimers bind at kappa-B sites in the DNA of their target genes and the individual dimers have distinct preferences for different kappa-B sites that they can bind with distinguishable affinity and specificity. Different dimer combinations act as transcriptional activators or repressors, respectively. The NF-kappa-B heterodimeric RELA-NFKB1 and RELA-REL complexes, for instance, function as transcriptional activators. NF-kappa-B is controlled by various mechanisms of post-translational modification and subcellular compartmentalization as well as by interactions with other cofactors or corepressors. NF-kappa-B complexes are held in the cytoplasm in an inactive state complexed with members of the NF-kappa-B inhibitor (I-kappa-B) family. In a conventional activation pathway, I-kappa-B is phosphorylated by I-kappa-B kinases (IKKs) in response to different activators, subsequently degraded thus liberating the active NF-kappa-B complex which translocates to the nucleus. The inhibitory effect of I-kappa-B on NF-kappa-B through retention in the cytoplasm is exerted primarily through the interaction with RELA. RELA shows a weak DNA-binding site which could contribute directly to DNA binding in the NF-kappa-B complex. Beside its activity as a direct transcriptional activator, it is also able to modulate promoters accessibility to transcription factors and thereby indirectly regulate gene expression. Associates with chromatin at the NF-kappa-B promoter region via association with DDX1. Essential for cytokine gene expression in T-cells (PubMed:15790681). The NF-kappa-B homodimeric RELA-RELA complex appears to be involved in invasin-mediated activation of IL-8 expression. Key transcription factor regulating the IFN response during SARS-CoV-2 infection (PubMed:33440148).

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Modifications Tables

Relations

Regulator Mechanism target score
+ down-regulates img/direct_inhibition.png demethylation RELA 0.474
Publications: 1 Organism: Homo Sapiens
+ up-regulates img/direct-activation.png methylation RELA 0.479
Publications: 2 Organism: Homo Sapiens
+ down-regulates img/direct_inhibition.png demethylation RELA 0.2
Publications: 1 Organism: Homo Sapiens
+ up-regulates activity img/direct-activation.png acetylation RELA 0.812
Publications: 1 Organism: Homo Sapiens
Pathways:Acute Myeloid Leukemia
+ down-regulates activity img/direct_inhibition.png deacetylation RELA 0.715
Publications: 1 Organism: Homo Sapiens
Pathways:Acute Myeloid Leukemia, FLT3-ITD in AML
+ up-regulates img/direct-activation.png phosphorylation RELA 0.705
Publications: 1 Organism: Homo Sapiens
+ up-regulates img/direct-activation.png phosphorylation RELA 0.2
Publications: 1 Organism: Homo Sapiens
Pathways:Acute Myeloid Leukemia, FLT3-ITD in AML
+ up-regulates img/direct-activation.png phosphorylation RELA 0.2
Publications: 1 Organism: Homo Sapiens
Pathways:Acute Myeloid Leukemia, FLT3-ITD in AML
+ up-regulates img/direct-activation.png phosphorylation RELA 0.488
Publications: 1 Organism: Homo Sapiens
+ up-regulates img/direct-activation.png phosphorylation RELA 0.277
Publications: 1 Organism: Homo Sapiens
+ up-regulates img/direct-activation.png phosphorylation RELA 0.531
Publications: 1 Organism: Homo Sapiens
+ up-regulates img/direct-activation.png phosphorylation RELA 0.366
Publications: 2 Organism: Homo Sapiens
Pathways:Acute Myeloid Leukemia
+ up-regulates activity img/direct-activation.png phosphorylation RELA 0.881
Publications: 2 Organism: Homo Sapiens
+ up-regulates img/direct-activation.png phosphorylation RELA 0.453
Publications: 2 Organism: Homo Sapiens
+ up-regulates img/direct-activation.png phosphorylation RELA 0.2
Publications: 1 Organism: Homo Sapiens
+ up-regulates activity img/direct-activation.png phosphorylation RELA 0.459
Publications: 2 Organism: Homo Sapiens
+ up-regulates activity img/direct-activation.png phosphorylation RELA 0.839
Publications: 3 Organism: Homo Sapiens
+ up-regulates activity img/direct-activation.png phosphorylation RELA 0.855
Publications: 1 Organism: Homo Sapiens
+ up-regulates img/direct-activation.png phosphorylation RELA 0.6
Publications: 1 Organism: Homo Sapiens
+ up-regulates activity img/direct-activation.png phosphorylation RELA 0.366
Publications: 1 Organism: Mus Musculus
Pathways:Acute Myeloid Leukemia
+ up-regulates activity img/direct-activation.png phosphorylation RELA 0.2
Publications: 1 Organism: Mus Musculus
+ up-regulates activity img/direct-activation.png dephosphorylation RELA 0.369
Publications: 1 Organism: Homo Sapiens
+ up-regulates quantity by expression img/indirect-activation.png transcriptional regulation TRAF2 0.514
Publications: 1 Organism: Homo Sapiens
+ up-regulates quantity img/direct-activation.png transcriptional regulation MET 0.254
Publications: 1 Organism: Mus Musculus
+ up-regulates quantity by expression img/indirect-activation.png transcriptional regulation BCL2A1 0.498
Publications: 1 Organism: Homo Sapiens
+ up-regulates img/direct-activation.png acetylation RELA 0.842
Publications: 1 Organism: Homo Sapiens
+ up-regulates quantity by expression img/indirect-activation.png transcriptional regulation IEX-1L 0.2
Publications: 1 Organism: Homo Sapiens
+ up-regulates img/indirect-activation.png RELA 0.2
Publications: 1 Organism: Mus Musculus
Tissue: Muscle, Skeletal Muscle
+ up-regulates quantity by expression img/indirect-activation.png transcriptional regulation B2M 0.266
Publications: 1 Organism: Homo Sapiens
+ up-regulates activity img/direct-activation.png binding RELA 0.885
Publications: 1 Organism: Homo Sapiens
+ down-regulates img/direct_inhibition.png binding RELA 0.478
Publications: 1 Organism: Homo Sapiens
Pathways:Acute Myeloid Leukemia
+ down-regulates quantity by destabilization img/direct_inhibition.png polyubiquitination RELA 0.359
Publications: 1 Organism: Homo Sapiens
+ up-regulates img/direct-activation.png binding EGR1 0.446
Publications: 1 Organism: Homo Sapiens
+ up-regulates img/direct-activation.png acetylation RELA 0.812
Publications: 1 Organism: Homo Sapiens
Pathways:Acute Myeloid Leukemia
+ down-regulates img/direct_inhibition.png binding RELA 0.591
Publications: 1 Organism: Homo Sapiens
+ up-regulates img/direct-activation.png binding HDAC4 0.324
Publications: 1 Organism: Homo Sapiens
+ up-regulates img/direct-activation.png binding CITED1 0.2
Publications: 1 Organism: Homo Sapiens
+ up-regulates img/direct-activation.png binding CBP/p300 0.842
Publications: 1 Organism: Homo Sapiens
+ form complex img/form-complex.png binding NfKb-p65/p50 0.694
Publications: 1 Organism: Homo Sapiens
Pathways:Acute Myeloid Leukemia
+ up-regulates activity img/direct-activation.png binding RELA 0.2
Publications: 1 Organism: Homo Sapiens
+ down-regulates activity img/indirect_inhibition.png RELA 0.2
Publications: 1 Organism: Homo Sapiens
+ up-regulates quantity by expression img/direct-activation.png transcriptional regulation IL6 0.681
Publications: 2 Organism: Homo Sapiens, Mus Musculus
+ up-regulates activity img/indirect-activation.png relocalization RELA 0.263
Publications: 1 Organism: Homo Sapiens
+ up-regulates quantity by expression img/indirect-activation.png transcriptional regulation CD80 0.304
Publications: 1 Organism: Mus Musculus
+ down-regulates activity img/direct_inhibition.png relocalization NCOR2 0.415
Publications: 1 Organism: Mus Musculus
Pathways:Acute Myeloid Leukemia, FLT3-ITD in AML
+ down-regulates img/direct_inhibition.png binding RELA 0.537
Publications: 1 Organism: Homo Sapiens
+ up-regulates quantity by expression img/direct-activation.png transcriptional regulation IL1B 0.536
Publications: 1 Organism: Homo Sapiens
+ up-regulates img/direct-activation.png binding SP1 0.61
Publications: 1 Organism: Homo Sapiens
Pathways:Acute Myeloid Leukemia
+ up-regulates quantity by expression img/indirect-activation.png transcriptional regulation TRAF1 0.53
Publications: 1 Organism: Homo Sapiens
+ img/unknown.png transcriptional regulation NPPB 0.2
Publications: 1
+ down-regulates quantity by repression img/indirect_inhibition.png transcriptional regulation COMT 0.2
Publications: 1 Organism: Homo Sapiens
+ form complex img/form-complex.png binding REL/RELA 0.654
Publications: 1 Organism: Homo Sapiens
Tissue: Kidney
+ down-regulates img/direct_inhibition.png dephosphorylation RELA 0.468
Publications: 1 Organism: Homo Sapiens
+ down-regulates activity img/direct_inhibition.png transcriptional regulation IL1B 0.536
Publications: 1 Organism: Mus Musculus
+ up-regulates img/direct-activation.png binding JUN 0.707
Publications: 1 Organism: Homo Sapiens
Pathways:Acute Myeloid Leukemia
+ up-regulates img/direct-activation.png binding CREBBP 0.872
Publications: 1 Organism: Homo Sapiens
+ up-regulates activity img/direct-activation.png binding RELA 0.694
Publications: 1 Organism: Homo Sapiens
+ down-regulates quantity by repression img/direct_inhibition.png transcriptional regulation BMP4 0.2
Publications: 1 Organism: Homo Sapiens
+ form complex img/form-complex.png binding SNAIL/RELA/PARP1 0.456
Publications: 1 Organism: Homo Sapiens
+ down-regulates quantity by repression img/indirect_inhibition.png transcriptional regulation PCK2 0.271
Publications: 1 Organism: Homo Sapiens
Tissue: Liver
+ up-regulates img/direct-activation.png acetylation RELA 0.872
Publications: 1 Organism: Homo Sapiens
+ up-regulates activity img/direct-activation.png phosphorylation RELA 0.2
Publications: 1 Organism: Homo Sapiens
+ down-regulates activity img/direct_inhibition.png binding RELA 0.382
Publications: 1 Organism: Homo Sapiens