Summary

Name PINK1
Full Name Serine/threonine-protein kinase PINK1, mitochondrial
Synonyms BRPK, PTEN-induced putative kinase protein 1
Primary ID Q9BXM7
Links - -
Type protein
Relations 22
Pathways Parkinson
Function Serine/threonine-protein kinase which protects against mitochondrial dysfunction during cellular stress by phosphorylating mitochondrial proteins such as PRKN and DNM1L, to coordinate mitochondrial quality control mechanisms that remove and replace dysfunctional mitochondrial components (PubMed:14607334, PubMed:18957282, PubMed:18443288, PubMed:15087508, PubMed:19229105, PubMed:19966284, PubMed:20404107, PubMed:22396657, PubMed:20798600, PubMed:23620051, PubMed:23754282, PubMed:23933751, PubMed:24660806, PubMed:24898855, PubMed:24751536, PubMed:24784582, PubMed:24896179, PubMed:25527291, PubMed:32484300, PubMed:20547144). Depending on the severity of mitochondrial damage and/or dysfunction, activity ranges from preventing apoptosis and stimulating mitochondrial biogenesis to regulating mitochondrial dynamics and eliminating severely damaged mitochondria via mitophagy (PubMed:18443288, PubMed:23620051, PubMed:24898855, PubMed:20798600, PubMed:20404107, PubMed:19966284, PubMed:32484300, PubMed:22396657, PubMed:32047033, PubMed:15087508). Mediates the translocation and activation of PRKN at the outer membrane (OMM) of dysfunctional/depolarized mitochondria (PubMed:19966284, PubMed:20404107, PubMed:20798600, PubMed:23754282, PubMed:24660806, PubMed:24751536, PubMed:24784582, PubMed:25474007, PubMed:25527291). At the OMM of damaged mitochondria, phosphorylates pre-existing polyubiquitin chains at 'Ser-65', the PINK1-phosphorylated polyubiquitin then recruits PRKN from the cytosol to the OMM where PRKN is fully activated by phosphorylation at 'Ser-65' by PINK1 (PubMed:19966284, PubMed:20404107, PubMed:20798600, PubMed:23754282, PubMed:24660806, PubMed:24751536, PubMed:24784582, PubMed:25474007, PubMed:25527291). In damaged mitochondria, mediates the decision between mitophagy or preventing apoptosis by promoting PRKN-dependent poly- or monoubiquitination of VDAC1; polyubiquitination of VDAC1 by PRKN promotes mitophagy, while monoubiquitination of VDAC1 by PRKN decreases mitochondrial calcium influx which ultimately inhibits apoptosis (PubMed:32047033). When cellular stress results in irreversible mitochondrial damage, functions with PRKN to promote clearance of damaged mitochondria via selective autophagy (mitophagy) (PubMed:14607334, PubMed:20798600, PubMed:20404107, PubMed:19966284, PubMed:23933751, PubMed:15087508). The PINK1-PRKN pathway also promotes fission of damaged mitochondria by phosphorylating and thus promoting the PRKN-dependent degradation of mitochondrial proteins involved in fission such as MFN2 (PubMed:18443288, PubMed:23620051, PubMed:24898855). This prevents the refusion of unhealthy mitochondria with the mitochondrial network or initiates mitochondrial fragmentation facilitating their later engulfment by autophagosomes (PubMed:18443288, PubMed:23620051). Also promotes mitochondrial fission independently of PRKN and ATG7-mediated mitophagy, via the phosphorylation and activation of DNM1L (PubMed:18443288, PubMed:32484300). Regulates motility of damaged mitochondria by promoting the ubiquitination and subsequent degradation of MIRO1 and MIRO2; in motor neurons, this likely inhibits mitochondrial intracellular anterograde transport along the axons which probably increases the chance of the mitochondria undergoing mitophagy in the soma (PubMed:22396657). Required for ubiquinone reduction by mitochondrial complex I by mediating phosphorylation of complex I subunit NDUFA10 (By similarity).

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Modifications Tables

Relations

Regulator Mechanism target score
+ down-regulates activity img/direct_inhibition.png phosphorylation RAB8A 0.277
Publications: 1 Organism: In Vitro
+ up-regulates img/direct-activation.png phosphorylation HTRA2 0.633
Publications: 1 Organism: Homo Sapiens
Pathways:Parkinson
+ down-regulates quantity by destabilization img/direct_inhibition.png phosphorylation RHOT1 0.772
Publications: 2 Organism: Homo Sapiens
+ down-regulates activity img/direct_inhibition.png phosphorylation TUFM 0.2
Publications: 1 Organism: Homo Sapiens
+ down-regulates quantity by destabilization img/direct_inhibition.png phosphorylation ZNF746 0.383
Publications: 2 Organism: Homo Sapiens
+ up-regulates img/direct-activation.png phosphorylation PRKN 0.2
Publications: 1 Organism: Homo Sapiens
Pathways:Parkinson
+ up-regulates activity img/direct-activation.png phosphorylation UBC 0.583
Publications: 1 Organism: Homo Sapiens
Pathways:Parkinson
+ up-regulates activity img/direct-activation.png phosphorylation PRKN 0.2
Publications: 1 Organism: Homo Sapiens
Pathways:Parkinson
+ up-regulates img/direct-activation.png phosphorylation Ubiquitin 0.583
Publications: 1
+ up-regulates img/direct-activation.png phosphorylation UBA52 0.352
Publications: 1 Organism: Mus Musculus
+ down-regulates activity img/direct_inhibition.png phosphorylation HIF3A 0.359
Publications: 1 Organism: Homo Sapiens
+ up-regulates activity img/direct-activation.png phosphorylation LETM1 0.371
Publications: 1 Organism: In Vitro
+ down-regulates quantity by destabilization img/direct_inhibition.png phosphorylation RHOT2 0.712
Publications: 1 Organism: Homo Sapiens
+ up-regulates quantity by expression img/indirect-activation.png transcriptional regulation PINK1 0.49
Publications: 1 Organism: Homo Sapiens
+ down-regulates quantity by destabilization img/direct_inhibition.png cleavage PINK1 0.35
Publications: 1 Organism: Homo Sapiens
+ down-regulates quantity img/indirect_inhibition.png ubiquitination MFN1 0.687
Publications: 1 Organism: Homo Sapiens
+ down-regulates quantity img/indirect_inhibition.png ubiquitination MFN2 0.804
Publications: 1 Organism: Homo Sapiens
+ up-regulates activity img/direct-activation.png binding PINK1 0.411
Publications: 1 Organism: In Vitro
+ down-regulates quantity img/direct_inhibition.png CYCS 0.397
Publications: 1 Organism: Homo Sapiens
Pathways:Parkinson
+ down-regulates quantity by destabilization img/direct_inhibition.png cleavage PINK1 0.64
Publications: 1 Organism: Homo Sapiens